Valoración de la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica como medio diagnóstico/terapéutico en pacientes con íctero obstructivo / Assessment of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as a diagnostic/therapeutic mean in patients with obstructive jaundice

RESUMEN Introducción: las enfermedades del eje pancreático/biliar son una consecuencia en la morbimortalidad del aparato digestivo, y es la causa en ocasiones de una obstrucción biliar. La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica es un método preciso para el diagnóstico de la obstrucción biliar, y se asocia con una elevada tasa de sensibilidad y especificidad. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de valorar el comportamiento de la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica como medio diagnóstico y terapéutico en una muestra de 90 pacientes con dictamen presuntivo de íctero obstructivo. Resultados: predominaron las féminas en el grupo de edad superior a los 50 años. La coluria, la acolia y el íctero como representativos de una enfermedad obstructiva de las vías biliares, fueron las manifestaciones más frecuentes, corroboradas por el estudio endoscópico, donde la litiasis coledociana fue la principal causa de íctero. Conclusión: la esfinterotomía endoscópica fue el proceder terapéutico de elección, y la pancreatitis aguda postintervención fue la complicación más frecuente (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the diseases of the pancreatic-biliary axis are a consequence in the digestive tract morbidity-mortality, and sometimes they are the cause of a biliary obstruction. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a precise method for diagnosing the biliary obstruction, and is associated to high rates of sensitivity and specificity. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was carried out with the aim of assessing the behavior of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as a therapeutic and diagnostic mean in a sample of 90 patients with presumptive report of obstructive jaundice. Results: women aged more than 50 years predominated. Choluria, acholia and jaundice, as representative of the biliary ducts obstructive disease, were the most frequent manifestations, corroborated by the endoscopic study, where choledocal lithiasis was the main cause of jaundice. Conclusions: endoscopic sphincterotomy was the elective therapeutic procedure, and post-intervention acute pancreatitis was the most frequent complication (AU).

Colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica para cálculos no ducto biliar comum: overview de revisões sistemáticas e estudos econômicos / Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for common bile duct calculi: overview of systematic reviews and economic assessments

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia, segurança e custo-efetividade da colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) comparada à exploração laparoscópica do ducto biliar comum (ELDBC) para coledocolitíase. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica nas bases de dados Medline, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs e Center for Reviews and Dissemination por revisões sistemáticas e estudos econômicos que reportassem dados sobre a comparação entre a CPRE e a ELDBC em pacientes com coledocolitíase. Uma busca complementar foi realizada nas referências dos estudos incluídos, periódicos, resumos de congresso e Google Acadêmico. A seleção foi realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes. Além da síntese qualitativa, uma ressíntese quantitativa para os desfechos primários foi conduzida em Review Manager® 5.3 utilizando um modelo de efeitos randômicos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 15 estudos (9 revisões sistemáticas e 6 estudos econômicos). Não foi demonstrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a colecistectomia laparoscópica (CL)+CPRE e a CL+ELDBC em termos de remoção dos cálculos do colédoco (88,5% vs. 92,8%; RR = 0,97, valor-p = 0,08; N = 1.881), morbidade pós-operatória (14,1% vs. 13,8%; RR = 0,98, valor-p = 0,88; N = 1.469), mortalidade (0,8% vs. 0,2%; RR = 2,13, valor-p = 0,33; N = 1.471), cálculos retidos (7,3% vs. 5,8%; RR = 1,17, valor-p = 0,40; N = 1.731), conversão para outros procedimentos (8,7% vs. 6,7%; RR = 1,20, valor-p = 0,55; N = 1.287), duração do procedimento (MD = 10,91, valor-p = 0,61; N = 717) ou tempo de hospitalização (MD = 1,31, valor-p = 0,10; N = 757). A literatura de custo-efetividade é dividida, com alguns estudos favorecendo a CL+CPRE e outros, a CL+ELDBC. Conclusão: Não é possível concluir sobre a superioridade da ELDBC sobre a CPRE ou vice-versa para a remoção de cálculos no colédoco.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) compared to laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for choledocholithiasis. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in the Medline, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Center for Reviews and Dissemination databases for systematic reviews and economic studies that reported data on the comparison between ERCP and LCBDE in patients with choledocholithiasis. A complementary search was conducted on references of included studies, journals, conference abstracts and Google Scholar. The selection was performed by two independent reviewers. In addition to the qualitative synthesis, a quantitative re-synthesis for primary outcomes was conducted in Review Manager® 5.3 using a random effects model. Results: Fifteen studies (9 systematic reviews and 6 economic studies) were included. There was no statistically significant difference between laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC)+ERCP and LC+LCBDE in terms of removal of choledochal stones (88.5% vs. 92.8%, RR = 0.97, p-value = 0.08; N = 1,881), morbidity (14.1% vs. 13.8%, RR = 0.98, p-value = 0.88; N = 1,469), mortality (0.8% vs. 0,2%; RR = 2.13, p-value = 0.33, N = 1,471), retained stones (7.3% vs. 5.8%, RR = 1.17, p-value = 0.40; N = 1,731), conversion to other procedures (8.7% vs. 6.7%, RR = 1.20, p-value = 0.55, N = 1,287), duration of the procedure (MD = 10.91, p = 0.61, N = 717) or hospital stay (MD = 1.31, p-value = 0.10, N = 757). The cost-effectiveness literature is divided. Some studies favor LC+ERCP and others LC+LCBDE. Conclusion: It is not possible to conclude on the superiority of the LCBDE on ERCP or vice-versa for choledocholithiasis

Evaluación de calidad en la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández / Quality assessment of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at the Teaching Clinical surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández

Fundamento: es responsabilidad de los endoscopistas garantizar la realización de procederes de calidad, la cual se basa en parámetros definidos por las diferentes sociedades de endoscopia a nivel mundial. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad en la atención a pacientes que se realizaron la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en el hospital Faustino Pérez Hernández. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la calidad de las colangiopancreatografías retrógradas endoscópicas, describiéndose los resultados de los procederes realizados en pacientes con indicación del mismo en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas, en el período del 23 de febrero de 2010 hasta el 23 febrero de 2012. Aplicados los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la población de estudio quedó constituida por 159 pacientes. Se analizaron como variables indicadores de calidad: indicaciones del proceder, frecuencia de canulación en papila intacta, éxito técnico en la extracción de cálculos, éxito técnico en la colocación de prótesis distales y proximales y complicaciones. Resultados: la principal indicación del proceder se basó en criterios clínicos, enzimáticos e imagenológicos. Se logró una efectividad en la canulación del conducto deseado del 93,71 por ciento. La efectividad terapéutica en la extracción de litiasis coledocianas fue de 80,76 por ciento en el primer intento. El drenaje de la vía biliar mediante prótesis en estenosis distales se logró en 90,9 por ciento de los pacientes y en el 40 por ciento en el caso de las estenosis proximales. Se presentaron complicaciones en el 7,45 por ciento de los casos y la mortalidad fue de 1,8 por ciento. Conclusiones: durante el período estudiado los pacientes recibieron una atención con buenos parámetros de calidad.

Fundament:it is responsibility of the endoscopists to guarantee carrying out quality procedures, based on the parameters defined by the different endoscopic societies around the world. Objective: to evaluate the quality of health care of patients to whom an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was carried out in the Hospital Faustino Pérez Hernández. Methods: a research evaluating the quality of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was carried out, describing the results of the procedures performed in patients whom it was indicated in the Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, of Matanzas, in the period from February 23th 2010 to February 23th 2012. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studied population was formed by 159 patients. As variables we analyzed quality indicators: procedure indications, frequency of cannulation in intact papilla, technical success in extracting prosthesis calculi, and technical success in putting distal and proximal prostheses. Results: the main procedure indication was based on clinical, enzymatic and imaging criteria. It was achieved an effectiveness of the desired duct cannulation of 93,71 percent. The therapeutic effectiveness in extraction choledocian lithiasis was 80,76 percent in the first attempt. The biliary duct through prosthesis in distal stenosis was achieved in 90,9 percent of the patient and in 40 percent of the proximal stenosis cases. There were complications in 7,45 percent of the cases and mortality was 1,8 percent. Conclusions: during the studied period the patients received health care with good quality parameters.